'\" t
.\" Copyright (c) 1993 Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
.\"
.\" SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-or-later
.\"
.\" Created  1993-04-02 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
.\" Modified 1993-07-24 by Rik Faith (faith@cs.unc.edu)
.\" Modified 1994-05-15 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
.\" Modified 1994-11-22 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
.\" Modified 1995-07-11 by Daniel Quinlan (quinlan@yggdrasil.com)
.\" Modified 1996-12-18 by Michael Haardt and aeb
.\" Modified 1999-05-31 by Dimitri Papadopoulos (dpo@club-internet.fr)
.\" Modified 1999-08-08 by Michael Haardt (michael@moria.de)
.\" Modified 2004-04-01 by aeb
.\"
.TH ascii 7 2024-06-15 "Linux man-pages 6.9.1"
.SH NAME
ascii \- ASCII character set encoded in octal, decimal,
and hexadecimal
.SH DESCRIPTION
ASCII is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange.
It is a 7-bit code.
Many 8-bit codes (e.g., ISO/IEC\~8859-1) contain ASCII as their lower half.
The international counterpart of ASCII is known as ISO/IEC\~646-IRV.
.P
The following table contains the 128 ASCII characters.
.P
C program \f(CW\[aq]\[rs]X\[aq]\fP escapes are noted.
.P
.EX
.TS
l l l l | l l l l.
Oct	Dec	Hex	Char	Oct	Dec	Hex	Char
_
000	0	00	NUL \[aq]\[rs]0\[aq] (null character)	100	64	40	@
001	1	01	SOH (start of heading)	101	65	41	A
002	2	02	STX (start of text)	102	66	42	B
003	3	03	ETX (end of text)	103	67	43	C
004	4	04	EOT (end of transmission)	104	68	44	D
005	5	05	ENQ (enquiry)	105	69	45	E
006	6	06	ACK (acknowledge)	106	70	46	F
007	7	07	BEL \[aq]\[rs]a\[aq] (bell)	107	71	47	G
010	8	08	BS  \[aq]\[rs]b\[aq] (backspace)	110	72	48	H
011	9	09	HT  \[aq]\[rs]t\[aq] (horizontal tab)	111	73	49	I
012	10	0A	LF  \[aq]\[rs]n\[aq] (new line)	112	74	4A	J
013	11	0B	VT  \[aq]\[rs]v\[aq] (vertical tab)	113	75	4B	K
014	12	0C	FF  \[aq]\[rs]f\[aq] (form feed)	114	76	4C	L
015	13	0D	CR  \[aq]\[rs]r\[aq] (carriage ret)	115	77	4D	M
016	14	0E	SO  (shift out)	116	78	4E	N
017	15	0F	SI  (shift in)	117	79	4F	O
020	16	10	DLE (data link escape)	120	80	50	P
021	17	11	DC1 (device control 1)	121	81	51	Q
022	18	12	DC2 (device control 2)	122	82	52	R
023	19	13	DC3 (device control 3)	123	83	53	S
024	20	14	DC4 (device control 4)	124	84	54	T
025	21	15	NAK (negative ack.)	125	85	55	U
026	22	16	SYN (synchronous idle)	126	86	56	V
027	23	17	ETB (end of trans. blk)	127	87	57	W
030	24	18	CAN (cancel)	130	88	58	X
031	25	19	EM  (end of medium)	131	89	59	Y
032	26	1A	SUB (substitute)	132	90	5A	Z
033	27	1B	ESC (escape)	133	91	5B	[
034	28	1C	FS  (file separator)	134	92	5C	\[rs]  \[aq]\[rs]\[rs]\[aq]
035	29	1D	GS  (group separator)	135	93	5D	]
036	30	1E	RS  (record separator)	136	94	5E	\[ha]
037	31	1F	US  (unit separator)	137	95	5F	\&_
040	32	20	SPACE	140	96	60	\`
041	33	21	!	141	97	61	a
042	34	22	"	142	98	62	b
043	35	23	#	143	99	63	c
044	36	24	$	144	100	64	d
045	37	25	%	145	101	65	e
046	38	26	&	146	102	66	f
047	39	27	\[aq]	147	103	67	g
050	40	28	(	150	104	68	h
051	41	29	)	151	105	69	i
052	42	2A	*	152	106	6A	j
053	43	2B	+	153	107	6B	k
054	44	2C	,	154	108	6C	l
055	45	2D	\-	155	109	6D	m
056	46	2E	.	156	110	6E	n
057	47	2F	/	157	111	6F	o
060	48	30	0	160	112	70	p
061	49	31	1	161	113	71	q
062	50	32	2	162	114	72	r
063	51	33	3	163	115	73	s
064	52	34	4	164	116	74	t
065	53	35	5	165	117	75	u
066	54	36	6	166	118	76	v
067	55	37	7	167	119	77	w
070	56	38	8	170	120	78	x
071	57	39	9	171	121	79	y
072	58	3A	:	172	122	7A	z
073	59	3B	;	173	123	7B	{
074	60	3C	<	174	124	7C	|
075	61	3D	= 	175	125	7D	}
076	62	3E	>	176	126	7E	\[ti]
077	63	3F	?	177	127	7F	DEL
.TE
.EE
.SS Tables
For convenience, below are more compact tables in hex and decimal.
.P
.EX
   2 3 4 5 6 7       30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
 -------------      ---------------------------------
0:   0 @ P \` p     0:    (  2  <  F  P  Z  d   n   x
1: ! 1 A Q a q     1:    )  3  =  G  Q  [  e   o   y
2: " 2 B R b r     2:    *  4  >  H  R  \[rs]  f   p   z
3: # 3 C S c s     3: !  +  5  ?  I  S  ]  g   q   {
4: $ 4 D T d t     4: "  ,  6  @  J  T  \[ha]  h   r   |
5: % 5 E U e u     5: #  \-  7  A  K  U  _  i   s   }
6: & 6 F V f v     6: $  .  8  B  L  V  \`  j   t   \[ti]
7: \[aq] 7 G W g w     7: %  /  9  C  M  W  a  k   u  DEL
8: ( 8 H X h x     8: &  0  :  D  N  X  b  l   v
9: ) 9 I Y i y     9: \[aq]  1  ;  E  O  Y  c  m   w
A: * : J Z j z
B: + ; K [ k {
C: , < L \[rs] l |
D: \- = M ] m }
E: . > N \[ha] n \[ti]
F: / ? O _ o DEL
.EE
.SH NOTES
.SS History
/etc/ascii (VII) appears in the UNIX Programmer's Manual.
.P
On older terminals, the underscore code is displayed as a left arrow,
called backarrow, the caret is displayed as an up-arrow and the vertical
bar has a hole in the middle.
.P
Uppercase and lowercase characters differ by just one bit and the
ASCII character 2 differs from the double quote by just one bit, too.
That made it much easier to encode characters mechanically or with a
non-microcontroller-based electronic keyboard and that pairing was found
on old teletypes.
.P
The ASCII standard was published by the United States of America
Standards Institute (USASI) in 1968.
.\"
.\" ASA was the American Standards Association and X3 was an ASA sectional
.\" committee on computers and data processing.  Its name changed to
.\" American National Standards Committee X3 (ANSC-X3) and now it is known
.\" as Accredited Standards Committee X3 (ASC X3).  It is accredited by ANSI
.\" and administered by ITI.  The subcommittee X3.2 worked on coded
.\" character sets; the task group working on ASCII appears to have been
.\" designated X3.2.4.  In 1966, ASA became the United States of America
.\" Standards Institute (USASI) and published ASCII in 1968.  It became the
.\" American National Standards Institute (ANSI) in 1969 and is the
.\" U.S. member body of ISO; private and nonprofit.
.\"
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR charsets (7),
.BR iso_8859\-1 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-2 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-3 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-4 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-5 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-6 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-7 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-8 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-9 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-10 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-11 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-13 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-14 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-15 (7),
.BR iso_8859\-16 (7),
.BR utf\-8 (7)
